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- <text id=93TT2363>
- <title>
- Feb. 01, 1993: The Asteroid Patrol
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Feb. 01, 1993 Clinton's First Blunder
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- SCIENCE, Page 58
- The Asteroid Patrol
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> Once a month, as the moon wanes, geologist Eugene Shoemaker,
- 64, and his wife Carolyn, 63, leave their house in Flagstaff,
- Arizona, load warm clothes into their station wagon and set off
- to the west on an 800-km (500-mile) trip across the desert.
- Their destination: Palomar Mountain, site of the mighty Hale
- telescope, among others. There, using a smaller Schmidt
- telescope, they begin a seven-night stint of sentry duty.
- </p>
- <p> The intruders they watch for are Earth-crossing asteroids,
- giant rocks that have strayed from their neighborhood between
- the orbits of Mars and Jupiter and periodically pass close to
- Earth--and sometimes smash into it. The vigil has paid off.
- Over the years, the couple have discovered more than 300
- asteroids, some of which they have named after their children,
- grandchildren and in-laws. About 10% of their discoveries are
- ECAs, but none is currently in an orbit that puts it on a
- collision course with the earth. Still, the Shoemakers keep
- looking: lurking somewhere out there may be a hulk with bad
- intentions.
- </p>
- <p> Unlike Gene, who works for the U.S. Geological Survey,
- Carolyn is unsalaried. "Nepotism rules say that I cannot be
- employed by the USGS," she explains, "because I work with Gene."
- But as an amateur astronomer, she has earned a prestigious
- fringe benefit; while looking for asteroids, she has discovered
- 28 comets, more than anyone except Jean-Louis Pons, an early
- 19th century French astronomer, who may have spotted as many as
- 37.
- </p>
- <p> During their frigid all-nighters on Palomar Mountain, Gene
- guides the telescope, shooting two pictures, 40 min. apart, of
- each patch of sky. After developing the film in the observatory
- darkroom, he turns the negatives over to Carolyn, who scans each
- set of two under her stereo microscope. If anything has moved
- against the background of fixed stars during the 40-min.
- interval, it appears to float in the eyepiece. If so, it is an
- asteroid or comet and might someday present a threat.
- </p>
- <p> Gene sensed that threat early in his career. Looking at
- the moon while a graduate student at Princeton, he was
- convinced that it had been pockmarked not by explosive volcan-
- ism, as many geologists then thought, but by asteroid impacts.
- If that was true, he felt, Earth, a much larger target, must
- have been heavily bombarded too. For his Ph.D. thesis, Shoemaker
- prepared a geologic map of Meteor Crater in Arizona, and in the
- process confirmed that it had resulted from an impact.
- </p>
- <p> In 1973 Shoemaker, with geologist Eleanor Helin, began the
- world's first systematic Earth-crossing-asteroid watch. When
- Helin left in 1982 to launch her own asteroid search, Carolyn,
- her three children grown, joined Gene. Since then they have been
- on the alert--and on the run. Last fall, for example, they
- went to a conference in Ontario at the site of the 1.8
- billion-year-old Sudbury Crater, which is 300 km (188 miles)
- wide. From there, they flew to Iowa City, Iowa, where Gene
- examined core samples from the nearby Manson Crater, 35 km (22
- miles) across and about 65 million years old and perhaps made
- by a chunk of the comet that killed the dinosaurs. Then, after
- a weekend back in Flagstaff, the Shoemakers departed for their
- annual one-month field trip in the Australian Outback, where the
- ancient and stable land surface, peppered with craters of all
- ages, is a happy hunting ground for geologists.
- </p>
- <p> Like the objects he studies, Gene has made an impact. For
- his pioneering "research on Earth-approaching asteroids and
- comets" and other accomplishments, he was awarded the National
- Medal of Science last year. "Nobody believed Chicken Little when
- he said the sky was falling," Shoemaker says. "But occasionally
- the sky does fall, and with horrendous effects."
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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